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www.redmondwashington.org

Visitors to the Hotel Redmond included William Howard Taft  Picture of William Howard Taft
the only President that became Chief Justice.

quotation
"I don't remember that I ever was President." - Taft hated his Presidency, but loved his job as Chief Justice - he said this as he was elected his latter job.

William Howard Taft on a sense of humor (0:37) (AU) (WAV)

biography 
Distinguished jurist, effective administrator, but poor politician, William Howard Taft spent four uncomfortable years in the White House. Large, jovial, conscientious, he was caught in the intense battles between Progressives and conservatives, and got scant credit for the achievements of his administration. 

Born in 1857, the son of a distinguished judge, he was graduated from Yale, and returned to Cincinnati to study and practice law. He rose in politics through Republican judiciary appointments, through his own competence and availability, and because, as he once wrote facetiously, he always had his "plate the right side up when offices were falling." 

But Taft much preferred law to politics. He was appointed a Federal circuit judge at 34. He aspired to be a member of the Supreme Court, but his wife, Helen Herron Taft, held other ambitions for him. 

His route to the White House was via administrative posts. President McKinley sent him to the Philippines in 1900 as chief civil administrator. Sympathetic toward the Filipinos, he improved the economy, built roads and schools, and gave the people at least some participation in government. 

President Roosevelt made him Secretary of War, and by 1907 had decided that Taft should be his successor. The Republican Convention nominated him the next year. 

Taft disliked the campaign--"one of the most uncomfortable four months of my life." But he pledged his loyalty to the Roosevelt program, popular in the West, while his brother Charles reassured eastern Republicans. William Jennings Bryan, running on the Democratic ticket for a third time, complained that he was having to oppose two candidates, a western progressive Taft and an eastern conservative Taft. 

Progressives were pleased with Taft's election. "Roosevelt has cut enough hay," they said; "Taft is the man to put it into the barn." Conservatives were delighted to be rid of Roosevelt--the "mad messiah." 

Taft recognized that his techniques would differ from those of his predecessor. Unlike Roosevelt, Taft did not believe in the stretching of Presidential powers. He once commented that Roosevelt "ought more often to have admitted the legal way of reaching the same ends." 

Taft alienated many liberal Republicans who later formed the Progressive Party, by defending the Payne-Aldrich Act which unexpectedly continued high tariff rates. A trade agreement with Canada, which Taft pushed through Congress, would have pleased eastern advocates of a low tariff, but the Canadians rejected it. He further antagonized Progressives by upholding his Secretary of the Interior, accused of failing to carry out Roosevelt's conservation policies. 

In the angry Progressive onslaught against him, little attention was paid to the fact that his administration initiated 80 antitrust suits and that Congress submitted to the states amendments for a Federal income tax and the direct election of Senators. A postal savings system was established, and the Interstate Commerce Commission was directed to set railroad rates. 

In 1912, when the Republicans renominated Taft, Roosevelt bolted the party to lead the Progressives, thus guaranteeing the election of Woodrow Wilson. 

Taft, free of the Presidency, served as Professor of Law at Yale until President Harding made him Chief Justice of the United States, a position he held until just before his death in 1930. To Taft, the appointment was his greatest honor; he wrote: "I don't remember that I ever was President." 


EVENTS DURING TAFT'S ADMINISTRATION 1909-13
CABINET AND SUPREME COURT OF THEODORE ROOSEVELT
  • American occupation of Cuba ended (1909)
  • Dispute with Venezuela arbitrated (1909)
  • Payne-Aldrich Tariff passed (1909)
  • Rules of House of Representatives reformed (1910)
  • Postal Savings Bank created (1910)
  • Publication of campaign expenses in federal elections required (1910)
  • Mann-Elkins Act (1910)
  • Standard Oil Company and tobacco trusts dissolved by Supreme Court (1911)
  • Bills for tariff reductions vetoed (1911)
  • Parcel Post established (1912)
  • Panama Canal Tolls Bill passed (1912)
  • Territorial government set up in Alaska (1912)
  • New Mexico and Arizona admitted (1912)
  • Arbitration treaties with France and Great Britain (1912)
  • 16th Amendment adopted, giving Congress power to levy income taxes (1913)
  • Department of Labor created (1913); Children's Bureau (1912)
  • Vice-President. James Schoolcraft Sherman (1909-12).

  • Secretary of State. Philander C. Knox (1909-13).

  • Secretary of the Treasury. Franklin MacVeagh (1909-13).

  • Secretaries of War. Jacob M. Dickinson (1909-11); Henry L. Stimson (1911-13).

  • Attorney General. George W. Wickersham (1909-13).

  • Secretary of the Navy. George von L. Meyer (1909-13).

  • Postmaster General. Frank H. Hitchcock (1909-13).

  • Secretaries of the Interior. Richard A. Ballinger (1909-11); Walter L. Fisher (1911-13).

  • Secretary of Agriculture. James Wilson (1909-13).

  • Secretary of Commerce and Labor. Charles Nagel (1909-13).

  • Appointments to the Supreme Court. Horace H. Lurton (1910-14); Charles Evans Hughes (1910-16, reappointed chief justice, 1930); Edward D. White (elevated to chief justice, 1910-21); Willis Van Devanter (1911-37); Joseph R. Lamar (1911-16); Mahlon Pitney (1912-22).
 

Portrait, William Howard Taft

William Howard Taft

27th President of the United States
(March 4, 1909 to March 3, 1913)

Born: September 15, 1857, in Cincinnati, Ohio
Died: March 8, 1930, in Washington, D.C.

Father: Alphonso Taft
Mother: Louisa Maria Torrey Taft
Married: Helen Herron (1861-1943), on June 19, 1886
Children: Robert Alphonso Taft (1889-1953); Helen Herron Taft (1891-1987); Charles Phelps Taft (1897-1983)

Religion: Unitarian
Education: Graduated from Yale College (1878); Cincinnati Law School (1880)
Occupation: Lawyer, public official
Political Party: Republican
Other Government Positions:

  • Judge in Ohio Superior Court, 1887-90
  • U.S. Solicitor General, 1890-92
  • U.S. Circuit Court Judge, 1892-1900
  • Governor of the Philippines, 1901-04
  • Secretary of War, 1904-08 (under T. Roosevelt)
  • Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, 1921-30
Presidential Salary: $75,000/year

Presidential Election Results:
Year Popular Votes Electoral Votes
1908 William H. Taft
William J. Bryan
7,676,320
6,412,294
321
162
1912 Woodrow Wilson
Theodore Roosevelt
William H. Taft
6,296,547
4,118,571
3,486,720
435
88
8
Vice President: James S. Sherman (1909-12)

Internet Biographies:

William Howard Taft -- from The Presidents of the United States of America
Compiled by the White House.
William Howard Taft -- from The American Presidency
Grolier Online has created this resource from its collection of print articles in Encyclopedia Americana. Contains a full biography, written by Henry F. Pringle, author of The Life and Times of William Howard Taft, along with suggestions for further reading.
William Howard Taft -- from The American President
From the PBS series The American President, this biography covers his early life, his presidency, and his legacy. Also includes quotations, links to other websites, and lesson plans.
Historical Documents:
Inaugural Address (1909)
Media Resources:
Audio
Abolishment of war throughout the world. (2:30)
From the Vincent Voice Library at Michigan State University under the leadership of Dr. Maurice Crane.
Other Internet Resources:
William Howard Taft National Historic Site
The Cincinnati, Ohio birthplace and childhood home of Taft. Tourist information is available.
 

Related Links:

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©Georgeann Malowney  1996-2006  georgeann@msn.com   425.576.0500
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